Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis (CVP)
1.
Hubungan Akuntansi
a.
Profit = Total revenues – (Total variable costs
+ Total fixed costs)
b.
Total revenues = Total variable costs + Total
fixed costs + Profit
2.
Cost Volume Profit Analysis
Keterangan:
3.
Break Even Point (Ketika profit = 0)
4.
Mencari Kuantitas yang Terjual (Quantity of
Product Sold)
Keterangan:
5.
Contoh Multiple Products
Contoh Soal :
·
V = variable cost/sales revenue
= 100 + (2 x 70) / 180 + (2 x 110)
= 240 / 400
= 0,60
·
R (BE) = F / 1 – V
= 1.600.000 / 1 – 0,60
= 1.600.000 / 0,40
= $4.000.000
·
1 hypothetical paket berisi 1 unit A dan 2 unit
B
Q = R / P
= 4.000.000 / 400
= 10.000 hypothetical paket è A: 10.000 unit, B: 20.000
unit.
6.
Margin of Safety
·
Mengindikasikan berapa banyak sales bisa turun
dari target supaya tidak menderita kerugian.
·
Margin of safety ratio (MS) = Sales – Sales (BE)
/ Sales
7.
Hubungan Profit ratio, Contribution Margin ratio
(CM), dan Margin of safety (MS)
·
Profit ratio = profit / sales
·
CM = sales – (variable cost / sales)
= P x Q – (V x Q / P x Q)
= Q (P – V) / PQ
= (P – V)/P
·
MS = sales – sales(BE) / sales
= {(F + p)
/ (1 – V)} – { F / (1 – V)} / sales
= {p
/ (1 – V)} / sales
·
Hubungan:
CM x MS = (P – V)/P x {p
/ (1 – V)} / sales
PR = CM x MS
Sumber : PPT Cost Accounting William Carter oleh Kodirin, Ak., M.A.





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