Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis (CVP)


1.       Hubungan Akuntansi
a.       Profit = Total revenues – (Total variable costs + Total fixed costs)
b.      Total revenues = Total variable costs + Total fixed costs + Profit
2.       Cost Volume Profit Analysis


Keterangan:


3.       Break Even Point (Ketika profit = 0)


4.       Mencari Kuantitas yang Terjual (Quantity of Product Sold)


Keterangan:


5.       Contoh Multiple Products

     Contoh Soal :

·       V            = variable cost/sales revenue
= 100 + (2 x 70) / 180 + (2 x 110)
= 240 / 400
= 0,60
·       R (BE) = F / 1 – V
= 1.600.000 / 1 – 0,60
= 1.600.000 / 0,40 
= $4.000.000
·       1 hypothetical paket berisi 1 unit A dan 2 unit B
Q           = R / P
= 4.000.000 / 400
= 10.000 hypothetical paket è A: 10.000 unit, B: 20.000 unit.
6.       Margin of Safety
·       Mengindikasikan berapa banyak sales bisa turun dari target supaya tidak menderita kerugian.
·       Margin of safety ratio (MS) = Sales – Sales (BE) / Sales

7.       Hubungan Profit ratio, Contribution Margin ratio (CM), dan Margin of safety (MS)
·       Profit ratio = profit / sales
·       CM        = sales – (variable cost / sales)
= P x Q – (V x Q / P x Q)
= Q (P – V) / PQ
= (P – V)/P
·       MS         = sales – sales(BE) / sales
= {(F + p) / (1 – V)} – { F / (1 – V)} / sales
 = {p / (1 – V)} / sales
·       Hubungan:
CM x MS = (P – V)/P x {p / (1 – V)} / sales
PR = CM x MS

Sumber : PPT Cost Accounting William Carter oleh Kodirin, Ak., M.A.


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